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• 2Installing CMake and Ninja
• 4Building using CMake
• 5C++ Builder-specific support in a CMakeLists.txt
• 6Example CMakeLists.txt file

CMake Command-Line Support

RAD Studio 10.2 Tokyo Release 3 includes support for building CMake projects on the command line using RAD Studio's C++ Compilers. You can compile for Windows or for other platforms from Windows. CMake supports RAD Studio’s Clang-enhanced compilers: BCCAARM for Android, BCCIOSARM64 for 64-bit iOS, BCCIOSARM for 32-bit iOS, BCC64 for 64-bit Windows, and BCC32X for 32-bit Windows.RAD Studio 10.2 Tokyo Release 3 also supports using Ninja with CMake. This allows for fast parallel compilation.

Installing CMake and Ninja

CMake

Download and install CMake 3.10. Use the binary installer, since it can optionally add CMake to the system path. Make sure you select that option during the installation.

CMake files are located in C:Program Files (x86)EmbarcaderoStudio19.0cmake. However, to prevent errors in the build process, you need to move one file manually. Follow the steps below to do this:

1. Locate your CMake installation folder and the ModulesPlatform subfolder. E.g. C:Program FilesCMakesharecmake-3.10ModulesPlatform
2. Locate the Windows-Embarcadero.cmake file and make a backup.
3. Copy Windows-Embarcadero.cmake from the Studio19.0cmake folder and overwrite the version in the CMake folder.

We have greatly extended the inbuilt CMake support for the Windows compilers and you need to use this file to build successfully.

Ninja

Download and install Ninja 1.8.2. You’ll need to add it to the system path manually.

How to use CMake

CMake builds based on a text file called CMakeLists.txt that tells CMake which files to build. You can find more information in their developer documentation. We also recommend Jeff Preshing’s blog series on CMake: How to Build a CMake-based Project and Learn CMake’s Scripting Language in 15 Minutes.

To use CMake, you need the following files:

• C++ source you want to build: A number of C++ files and headers.
• CMakeLists.txt file: Defines the project name, tells it to find all source files, and builds them in one executable, library, package, etc. See below for several sample files. More advanced CMakeLists.txt files specify several projects.
• (Optionally) Batch script to drive CMake: Use the batch script (*.bat) to contain a number of commands. CMake can create a large number of files, and you can use the batch file to create a subfolder where all output including CMake’s files are placed. This blog post on using bcc32c with CMake has more details.

Run the batch script from the command line to generate the executable file along with many other files in the specified subfolder.

Building using CMake

Start a RAD Studio command prompt from the Start menu, or by opening a command prompt and executing rsvars.bat in the RAD Studio bin folder.

CMake looks for a CMakeLists.txt file. See below for information on creating one of these for a project.

Targeting Windows

To target Win32:cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=bcc32x.exe -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=bcc32x.exe -G Ninja <directory> ^[1]

To target Win64:cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=bcc64.exe -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=bcc64.exe -G Ninja <directory> ^[1]

Then,ninja

To invoke Ninja to do the actual build.

Targeting iOS and Android

iOS and Android are handled through toolchain files, which are used for cross-compiling. Make sure you can build and deploy from the IDE (including setting up the SDK) before attempting a command-line build.

To target iOS32:cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE='<BDS>cmakebccios32.cmake' -G Ninja <directory> ^[1]

To target iOS64:cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE='<BDS>cmakebccios64.cmake' -G Ninja <directory> ^[1]

To target Android:cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE='<BDS>cmakebccaarm.cmake' -G Ninja <directory> ^[1]

Then,ninja

To invoke Ninja to do the actual build.

1. ↑ ^{1.01.11.21.31.4}Directory where cmakelists.txt file is located

Other command-line flags

• -G”Borland Makefiles” to use old-fashioned make to build.
• -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_INIT=Release to target debug or release builds.
• -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE:BOOL=ON for easier to debug output.
• --debug-output to put CMake in debug mode.

For example:

To use the Win32 compiler, release build, some verbose and debugging flags, and build using make, with CMakeLists.txt located in the parent folder.

C++ Builder-specific support in a CMakeLists.txt

Targets

Using CMake, you can create executables, DLLs, static libraries, and packages.

Or combinations:

Macros and variables

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There are a number of macros and variables for Windows, iOS, and Android. This sample CMakeLists.txt shows several of them:

Example CMakeLists.txt file

For a project called Example, with source files in the same folder, a very minimal CMakeLists.txt file is:

This specifies the minimum version (3.10); the project name; that it uses all available .cpp and .h files, and compiles them all into Example.exe.

“Glob”-ing all files together is quick and easy, but is not a recommended best practice; instead, it is better to specify the files you want to use. You can specify .cpp files and headers, but one minimal example specifying .cpp files is:

Sample CMakeLists.txt: VCL app

Sample CMakeLists.txt: FMX app

Sample CMakeLists.txt: shared library

Sample CMakeLists.txt: Static Library

Sample CMakeLists.txt: Package

Sample CMakeLists.txt: Resources

See Also

In earlier versions of ADO.NET, compile-time checking of connection strings with concatenated string values did not occur, so that at run time, an incorrect keyword generated an ArgumentException. Each of the .NET Framework data providers supported different syntax for connection string keywords, which made constructing valid connection strings difficult if done manually. To address this problem, ADO.NET 2.0 introduced new connection string builders for each .NET Framework data provider. Each data provider includes a strongly typed connection string builder class that inherits from DbConnectionStringBuilder. The following table lists the .NET Framework data providers and their associated connection string builder classes.

Connection String Injection Attacks

A connection string injection attack can occur when dynamic string concatenation is used to build connection strings that are based on user input. If the string is not validated and malicious text or characters not escaped, an attacker can potentially access sensitive data or other resources on the server. For example, an attacker could mount an attack by supplying a semicolon and appending an additional value. The connection string is parsed by using a 'last one wins' algorithm, and the hostile input is substituted for a legitimate value.

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The connection string builder classes are designed to eliminate guesswork and protect against syntax errors and security vulnerabilities. They provide methods and properties corresponding to the known key/value pairs permitted by each data provider. Each class maintains a fixed collection of synonyms and can translate from a synonym to the corresponding well-known key name. Checks are performed for valid key/value pairs and an invalid pair throws an exception. In addition, injected values are handled in a safe manner.

The following example demonstrates how the SqlConnectionStringBuilder handles an inserted extra value for the Initial Catalog setting.

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The output shows that the SqlConnectionStringBuilder handled this correctly by escaping the extra value in double quotation marks instead of appending it to the connection string as a new key/value pair.

Building Connection Strings from Configuration Files

If certain elements of a connection string are known beforehand, they can be stored in a configuration file and retrieved at run time to construct a complete connection string. For example, the name of the database might be known in advance, but not the name of the server. Or you might want a user to supply a name and password at run time without being able to inject other values into the connection string.

One of the overloaded constructors for a connection string builder takes a String as an argument, which enables you to supply a partial connection string that can then be completed from user input. The partial connection string can be stored in a configuration file and retrieved at run time.

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Note

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The System.Configuration namespace allows programmatic access to configuration files that use the WebConfigurationManager for Web applications and the ConfigurationManager for Windows applications. For more information about working with connection strings and configuration files, see Connection Strings and Configuration Files.

Example

This example demonstrates retrieving a partial connection string from a configuration file and completing it by setting the DataSource, UserID, and Password properties of the SqlConnectionStringBuilder. The configuration file is defined as follows.

Note

You must set a reference to the System.Configuration.dll in your project for the code to run.

See also